Alcohol is a toxic, addictive drug that can be very damaging to health. Alcohol products, mainly beer, spirits and wine can be marketed without reference to alcohol in the advertising. Alcohol is consumed without restraint or regard for its health consequences.
Electrolytes are charged particles, which when dissolved in water or body fluids produce positive (cations) and negative (anions) ions. These ions have a crucial role in maintaining normal health and functioning of the body in a horse.
They ensure smooth working of enzymatic pathways, nervous, cardiac, musculo-skeletal and even digestive system, apart from also helping maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance. As a result, a balanced homeostasis (body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment) is achieved.
The 5 major ions required by a growing and an adult horse include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl–), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+).
Functions of the major ions:
Sodium (Na+) Most abundant extracellular ion, maintains blood pressure and nerve impulse, replenishes negative sodium levels due to sweating while exercising, working and in conditions like diarrhoea.
Potassium (K+) Present as intracellular ion, maintains nerve impulses, cardiac health and in conjunction with Na+ ensures osmotic and acid-base balance.
Chloride (Cl–) Most significant extracellular anion, helps maintain isotonicity and co-exists with sodium to maintain fluid balance.
Calcium (Ca2+) Present as extracellular ion, regulates membrane potential (neuromuscular) which is crucial for muscle contraction and relaxation including the cardiac muscles.
Magnesium (Mg2+) Second most abundant intracellular cation, works as co-factor of various enzymatic activities in numerous metabolic pathways, phosphate transfers, muscle contractility and neuronal transmission.
For as long as I have been practicing medicine, my boots have been my go-to shoes. They are the most comfortable and stable shoes I’ve ever owned.
I stand in the OR with them, round on patients, rush to traumas….all in these boots. I wear them so much that the nursing staff and employees nicknamed me “boots”. I have had this particular pair of Ariat boots for 14 years. I contemplated not weari…See more
Electrolytes are charged particles, which when dissolved in water or body fluids produce positive (cations) and negative (anions) ions. These ions have a crucial role in maintaining normal health and functioning of the body in a horse.
They ensure smooth working of enzymatic pathways, nervous, cardiac, musculo-skeletal and even digestive system, apart from also helping maintain osmotic pressure and fluid balance. As a result, a balanced homeostasis (body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment) is achieved.
The 5 major ions required by a growing and an adult horse include sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl–), calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+).
Functions of the major ions:
Sodium (Na+) Most abundant extracellular ion, maintains blood pressure and nerve impulse, replenishes negative sodium levels due to sweating while exercising, working and in conditions like diarrhoea.
Potassium (K+) Present as intracellular ion, maintains nerve impulses, cardiac health and in conjunction with Na+ ensures osmotic and acid-base balance.
Chloride (Cl–) Most significant extracellular anion, helps maintain isotonicity and co-exists with sodium to maintain fluid balance.
Calcium (Ca2+) Present as extracellular ion, regulates membrane potential (neuromuscular) which is crucial for muscle contraction and relaxation including the cardiac muscles.
Magnesium (Mg2+) Second most abundant intracellular cation, works as co-factor of various enzymatic activities in numerous metabolic pathways, phosphate transfers, muscle contractility and neuronal transmission.